Chero zvingataurwa zvino nezve transhumanists, vanhu vanoda kuvandudza mashandiro avo ebhayoloji, izvo zvisingaganhurirwi nezvakanyorwa mumagene avo pamusoro pavo, kusanganisira nezve chirongwa chinogona kuchembera, rudzi urwu rwevanhu vanga varipo kubva… budiriro. Pamwe kunyange kare. Handizivi kuti zviri sei mutsika dzakasiyana, kufanana neChina, semuyenzaniso, asi munzvimbo yedu yenyikaEpic yeGilgamesh iuchapupu hwechido ichi, yokumukira rufu. Muzera umo rufu rwaigona kuuya nenzira dzakawanda, uye vanhu vashoma pane zvino vaizochembera, kutya rufu kwakabva zvikurukuru nokutya kukwegura. Kuchembera waive mutongo wechokwadi ... werufu. Kunyange zvazvo vaitaura nezvevanhu vaigara kana kuti vakanga vachiri kurarama kwenguva refu. InEpic yeGilgamesh pane kutaura nezvemhinduro, izvo Gilgamesh anowana, asi anotadza kuzvishandisa. Aifanira kusarara kwemazuva mazhinji. Handizivi kuti kushaiwa hope kunoratidzei, kuti nyaya dzese dzekare dzine dudziro inotiomera kunzwisisa, kunyanya sezvo vane ukama nevakura, zvichida kubva kune dzimwe tsika. Asi kana kushayikwa kwekurara kwaireva kusakanganisa mamwe maitiro ebiochemical, musavarega vachimira, Ini ndinonzwa ndichida kutenda kuti intuition yevakuru yakanga isina kukanganisa. Uye Bhaibheri rinoti vanhu vachadzidza kurarama nokusingaperi. Vachadzidza, kunyanya sezvo vakagadzirirwa saizvozvo. Kukwegura norufu zvakanga zviri chirango chaMwari.
Biology yemazuva ano inovaratidza chokwadi. Utachiona hauchemberi uye zvinofungirwa… haafi. Chokwadi, inogona kuparadzwa nemamiriro ekunze, kubva pashuga kana doro kusvika kumwaranzi isingatombotisvibise. Asi mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka vanorarama nekusingaperi. Vanowedzera, ichokwadi. Nokuti kwavari, upenyu hahuna kuparadzaniswa nokuberekana. Ivo vanodzokorora genome yako uye kopi (anenge) iyo genome yose nguva dzose. Ndinoreva, ndinoita zvese zvandinoziva nguva dzese, uye pazvinenge zvichidiwa, dzidza zvinhu zvitsva zvakare, yavanozopawo hama neshamwari dzavo dzese dziri pedyo. Kureva, kuramba mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kugadzika marudzi ese ezvinhu zvisinganzwisisike, nezvimwe.
Asi kunyangwe kwenguva yakareba sei vakagara nerufaro panyika yedu yaive paradhiso yavo, rimwe zuva vakatanga kushanduka. Pane chakaitika. Zvimwe zvipenyu zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvakaonekwa, iyo yaive neiyo genetic zvinhu yakavharirwa mune intracellular capsules, kwete kuyangarara nemusero, uye chitokisi chaiva nemakamuri akati kuti, kwakaitika mamwe maitiro, akadai seaya ekugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi. Pasinei nemaitiro akaitika izvi (kuti kune akawanda mafungidziro, mamwe ma symbioses angave akabatanidzwa, maererano nevamwe) izvo zvakawanikwa pakutanga kutarisa kwaive kushanda kwesimba. Pakanga pasisina nzvimbo yezvaiitika. Kuchembera kwainge zvino kwapinda? Zvakaoma kutaura kana mune fomu tinoziva. Nguva yakati yapfuura, zvipenyu zvakawanda zvakaonekwa, panguva ino nemaseru akasarudzika, kwete chete cellular compartments. Asi kuchembera kwakanga kuchiri kusava nechokwadi. Asi rimwe zuva, imwe nguva yapfuura 650 kwemamiriyoni emakore, kuputika kwemarudzi matsva, zvimwe zviripo nazvino, akaonekwa. Uye hongu, vamwe vakatanga kuchembera, kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma zvikuru kuti tizive izvi.
Kuziva kana rudzi rwuri kuchembera, tine maitiro maviri, yakagadzirwa naFinch naAustad: kuwedzera kufa nekufamba kwenguva uye kuderera kwembereko, zvakare nekufamba kwenguva. Ndakakurukura rutivi rusina simba rwezvipimo izvi mubhuku ranguZvisungo zvinongedzo mukuchembera, pakati pevamwe. Huwandu hwekufa hauwedzere zvishoma nezvishoma nezera muvanhu zvakare. Ihwo huwandu hwevanhu vanofa mukuyaruka, uye mwero wepasi pakati 25 uye 35 ane gore. Chokwadi, zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Imwe nhamba yepamusoro yekufa, kunyanya munguva yakapfuura, rakanga riri gore rokutanga roupenyu. Pane rimwe divi, tinotarisa pakubereka sekorona yehupenyu. Chokwadi, kana kubereka kwakanga kusina, zvaisazotaurwa. Ndiko kuti, hapazovi nehupenyu pasi pemamiriro ekukwegura, asi kwete chete. Zvisinei, zvipenyu zvinowanzopira kubereka pasi pekunetseka. Caloric restriction, inozivikanwa kushandura hupenyu mumarudzi akawanda emarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kunokanganisa mbereko. Uye zvipenyu zvakawanda (tichifunga kuti mwari aida mapete sei) vanorarama huzhinji hwehupenyu hwavo semakonye, kwete sevanhu vakuru vanokwanisa kubereka, zvichida mucherechedzo wekubereka unofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe ini ndinogona kutaura pane humbowo hwekuti kunyangwe kubereka kwemhuka dzekare kunogona kuvandudzwa nemamwe marapirwo anowedzera hupenyu., kana dziri mbeva.
Kuchembera kungava chii? Zvingafadza kuziva zvaifungwa nevanhu munguva dzekare, zvichida vaya vanobva kunyika dziri kure. Paivawo nezvitendero zvitsva uye zviedzo zvisingaenderani, asi iyo yakakundikana nokuda kwokushayiwa ruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Semuyenzaniso, kutapurirana matinji kubva kumhuka kwaimboita, muhafu yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, mufashoni. Mitezo yakasimwa chete ndiyo yaipera simba, nekuti zviri nyore kufungidzira zvikonzero ... ikozvino. Zvinonakidza kuti pane imwe nzvimbo pedyo nesu, chii Slovakia ikozvino, mumwe mukuru weHungary akabva kumachinda eTransylvania, kurairwa nen'anga, akatenda kuti kana akageza ropa remhandara aizodzora hujaya hwake. "The Experiment", uchokwadi hwatisingagoni kupika kwaari, zvingadai zvakakonzera mhosva dzakawanda dzine substrate chaiyo (pamwe zvematongerwo enyika) isu hatimuzivi. Mibairo yaisazoonekwa. Asi kunyange kana pasina chokwadi munyaya yacho yose (zvingangoita), the hypothesis inoramba iripo, zvichida yakakurumbira, izvo zvinova zvechokwadi. Ropa rinobva kumhuka duku rine migumisiro yakanaka pamhuka dzekare. Kureva kuti inononotsa kuchembera. Zvakapesana ndezvechokwadi? Sezviri pachena kudaro. Miedzo yerudzi urwu ichangopfuura, asi aive nepfungwa iyi 150 ane gore. Zvisinei, yakanga iri yekumucheto.
Pfungwa inokosha, uyo akaita basa guru renhoroondo, ndiyo yemahara radicals. Zvese zvakatanga neradioactivity, kuwanwa kukuru kwekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, izvo zvakaratidza kuti hazvisi zvese zvaizivikanwa mufizikisi, sezvazvakatendwa. Ichi chichangobva kuwanikwa chiitiko chemuviri chaive chekuve nemishonga yakawanda yekurapa. Pierre Curie akafara zvikuru, uye akazviedza pachake. Ndizvo zvakamupedza chaizvo. Pakarohwa ngoro yaive nekabichi, akanga atopera simba zvikuru mumuviri nomupfungwa. Mamiriro ake ezvinhu akaipa akamushora. Radioactivity yakazvisimbisa mukurapa kenza. Pamwe zvaizova nani dai izvi zvisina kuitika.
Asi kumwe kuwanikwa, panguva ino kubva biology, zvakabatsira kuunza iyi hypothesis. Evelyn Fox Keller anotaura mukatiZvakavanzika zvehupenyu, zvakavanzika zverufu nezvokutsvaka kwevanoita mukurumbira, avo vaida kuita kuti munda wavo uve chinhu chaicho uye chakakosha sefizikisi. Zvadaro kuwanikwa kweDNA ine tambo mbiri (inonzi "molecule yehupenyu"), vane simba ravaida. Watson naCrick vanonzi nekuwana uku, kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti vakatarisa paX-ray diffraction mufananidzo, yakawanikwa naRosalind Franklin (chaizvoizvo nemudzidzi wake), chaive chakasimba pakunzwisisa kwechimiro, mushure mekunge Pauli atadza. Zvisikwa zvakabatsira kuti mukurumbira wekuwanikwa uku hauna kusvibiswa nekuvapo kwemukadzi. Franklin akafa nekenza yeovarian asati apihwa Mubairo weNobel.
DNA yaiva morekuru roupenyu here?? Kwete kure. DNA mavhairasi, kufanana neRNA, havana mhosva sezvavangave. Pasina maseru ekuasanganisa hapana chaanoita. Zvino tingati prion, puroteni isina kujairika, iyo isingasiyane neyakajairika kunze kwekupeta kwayo, rinogona kunzi morekuru roupenyu.
Kutsvaga kwemajini ekuchembera, nezvirwere zvakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki zvino 100 makore kana mashoma, ndiwo mumwe mugodhi unotsvakwa mushonga wekuchembera. Inotanga kubva pane pfungwa yokuti kune chirongwa chekukwegura. Mamiriyoni anopedzwa achitsvaga majini ayo angaita kuti zvipenyu zviore uye zvife kana zvashaya basa., ndiko kuti, mushure mokunge vaberekana. Kumubvunzo une musoro, dai zvisiri nani kuti zvipenyu zvibereke kwenguva yakareba, hapana mhinduro. Chokwadi, kubereka ndiko kukanganisa kwekugadzira, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mamwe mabasa. Kunyange zvazvo mumarudzi akawanda kune kuderera kwekubereka kunobatanidza nekukwegura (ndiwo mupimo wekuchembera), kazhinji, ndiko kuora kwemuviri kunokanganisawo kubereka. Zvinoitika kuti chikonzero chekutsvaga iwo majini chimwe chinhu zvachose, kwete kuchembera: Chikonzero chimwe chete biology ikozvino yakawedzera genetics, uye vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vanobatanidzwa munyaya iyi, zve genetics izvo. Chokwadi, majini anokanganisa kukura, metabolic maitiro, uye zvechokwadi vanogonawo kukanganisa kukwegura. Kuchinjwa kwemamwe majini kunokanganisa mwero wekuchembera. Asi zvakaoma kutenda kuti majini ekuchembera aripo kune imwe nzvimbo kunze kwekukumbira rubatsiro. Gerontologist Valeri Chuprin akakwevera ngwariro yangu kune ichi chokwadi. Tsvakurudzo inoitwa kune zvipo, kwete zvemaresults chaiwo.
Asi chii chingave kuchembera kunze kwechimwe chinhu chekuita neionizing radiation uye DNA? Chokwadi, kuva nesimba guru, ionizing mwaranzi inoparadza DNA zvimiro. Ivo vanogadzira mutations izvo, ichokwadi. Mahara radicals, mutoro wekuchembera, idzo dzinogara kwenguva pfupi uye dzinoita zvinhu zvikuru. Ozone uye perhydrol ndezvimwe zvacho. Zvinogadzirwa nezvisikwa zvipenyu, kunyanya avo vane cellular respiration. Mahara radicals anogadzirwa mumitochondria. Ndizvo chete, zvinopesana nezvaidavirwa kare, kunyangwe mitochondria inobatwa nekuchembera, pamwe chete nemasisitimu anopa dziviriro kubva kune mahara radicals, kuchinja kwemajini harisi dambudziko guru pakukwegura. Haakure zvakanyanya. Tisingarevi chokwadi chekuti zvimwe zvinhu zvine pro-oxidant yakasimba inowedzera hupenyu hwehonye ... Asi ngatifunge nezve mabhakitiriya.. Havachembera, uye vanonzwa zvakanyanya kune ionizing mwaranzi. Chokwadi, vanogona kufa nemahara radicals. Ivo zvakare vane antioxidant system. Tinobatsirwawo nezvimwe zvacho, i.e. mamwe mavhitamini. Kunyangwe akawanda data akaunganidzwa anopokana iyi hypothesis, antioxidants vachiri kutengesa zvakanyanya. Mishonga yeAntioxidant haiwedzere hupenyu hurefu, kunyangwe vaine mhedzisiro paavhareji yenguva. Ionizing mwaranzi inoparadza masero. Inogonawo kuonekwa kuburikidza nekusangana nezuva. Asi havasirivo voga.
Mushonga unowedzera avhareji uye hupenyu hwepamusoro ndeye caloric restriction. Zvichienderana nemhando, zvinoreva kudya kune kudya kwese, asi nesimba shoma (macalorie). Nhoroondo yake inonetsawo. Munyori wezviedzo, Clive McCay (1898-1967, saka ane mwero muhupenyu hurefu) akabva kumunda wokuchengeta zvipfuwo. Yakagadzirwa mu30s, zvakamboregeredzwa nevamwe vaongorori. Asi pfungwa dzaive dzechikuru. Ndakawana mareferensi muNietzsche kune mumwe mugari wemugari wenguva refu uyo aiti izvo zvataizodana kuti kudya kunoganhurira ndicho chakavanzika chake.. Ndinoona kutsoropodza kwaNietzsche kunonakidza.
Caloric restriction ingave chikamu cheicho chinonzi hormesis, kureva kushushikana kuri pakati nepakati. Uye pfungwa dzine chekuita nehormesis dzakura. Asi pakanga paine chikonzero "chakakomba" chekusarudzika kwavo: maitiro avo aizoita sechinhu chinopikisa zvikuru: homeopathy! Handifunge kudaro, asi chero chaunoita chingafanana nekutenda mashura kubva kune anoziva tsika. Kana homeopathy ndeyekutenda mashura, hapana chaunotya kuti chinogona kukukanganisa. Maererano nedzidziso dzazvino, homeopathy is pseudo-science. Asi ... mu70s yezana remakore rechi19, pazvaifungwa kuti zvakanga zvisisatombokodzeri kudzidza physics, kuti hauna chauchawana (sekutaura kunoita Mario Livio mukatiBrilliant blunders) pamwe kutora mapikicha emabhonzo kwaizoita kunge mashura. Dai ndakaziva kuti homeopathy inoshanda chaizvo, Hameno kuti chii chinoshamisa chiripo. Kana une njere, haudi kuratidza kuti hausi mubato revasina njere, asi pane kudaro, unoedza kusasarura uye kugadzirisa zvausingazive.
Dzimwe tarisiro huru dzekurapa kuchembera dzaizova telomerase uye stem cells. Ndinoziva kuti pakutanga kwebasa rangu ndainakidzwa zvikuru nemasero emasero. Asi varume vane ruzivo vakandiudza nezvefashoni dzakawanda dzavakange vaona musainzi, hapana chakasara. Chiri kutsvagwa chaizvo kugadzirisa dambudziko kuburikidza nemhinduro inotengeswa zvakanyanya. Muchokwadi, mhinduro chete ndiyo inotengeswa, hazvina basa kuti zvinogadzirisa zvakadii. Chokwadi, pane chimwe chinhu nezve telomerosis uye stem masero, izvo zvandakatsanangura kwenguva refu muzvinyorwa zvangu uye mukatiZvisungo zvinongedzo mukuchembera.
Chandakaona kumakongiresi mazhinji ndechekuti hazviwanzo, kashoma, mumwe munhu ane mweya wokutsoropodza anooneka anotaura chinhu chakanaka pamusoro pepfungwa dzemufashoni. Asi paanouya nemhinduro, denga riri kudonha. Zvakaoma kwazvo kuti uuye nekutsoropodza kwakakodzera, kuongorora chokwadi, uye zvakatonyanya kuoma kuunza imwe paradigm. Ndakaedza kuita izvi, kutarisa kupfuura mhando dzese uye kusarura kwese, asi kunyanya kutarisa hupenyu mumutauro wemashini. Maererano nekufungidzira kwangu (yakabudiswawo muManongedzo asipo…), kuchembera kunobva pakushanduka-shanduka, rudzi rwekugadzirisa dambudziko. Hakuna chinhu chakadai sechirongwa chekuchembera, asi chirongwa (kana kupfuura) dambudziko remhinduro. Tinoda kufunga kuti munhu ndiye ari pachinhanho chekusika uye kuti mhindumupindu iri kuenda mukukwana. Kwete, evolution inoita kutengeserana pakutengeserana, mamvemve pamamvemve. Uye haitomborasikirwe nemavara akaomarara. Zvakaoma kuti munhu wokunze abvume kuti munhu ane majini mashoma pane dzimwe mhuka dzisina mutsipa. Isu tinowana kungwara kwemhuka dzine vertebrate kunoshamisa, kunyanya mhuka dzinoyamwisa neshiri, asi njere hunhu hunoita kuti zvipenyu izvi zvigone kupindura matambudziko (kana kuti ndingavatiza).
Matambudziko munhoroondo yechisikigo akateverwa nekuputika kwemhindumupindu. The Precambrian Revolution, izvo zvandataura pamusoro, muenzaniso. Mutemo wakachengetwa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Matambudziko emamiriro ekunze akanyorwa panguva yekurarama kwevanhu, kuchinjana pakati penguva yenzara uye kuwanda ("Kubudirira Kwenzara / Imwe Nzira yeHumanization"). Kusarudzika kwevanhu kwakakanganisawo kukwegura? Uye. Munhu anotambura nezvirwere zvisipo kana zvisingawanzo munyati dzine hukama. Mumwe munhu akanga aona kuti hapana mhuka inopera simba kudaro pakukwegura.
Kuchembera kungave rudzi rwemuswe wemhungururu. Dzvinyu rinosiya muswe munzara dzemurwi. Zvakadaro, anokura mumwe. kune hypercholesterolemia, chirwere cheshuga, iwo zviratidzo zvemhinduro yenzara. Wese munhu anoshamisika kuti sei vanhu vekuAmerica vakafuta kudaro. Vazhinji variko zvizvarwa zvaavo vari pazvikepe zvorufu, kureva varombo vakapona munzara yeIrish, kubva muzana remakore rechi19. Vamwe havana kumboburuka, vamwe havana kana kumbokwira. Pamwe vanasekuru vemazuva ano vakararama kwenguva refu vane ongororo dzakakwana vangadai vasina kana nguva yekukwira.. Kutaura kunotsvaka magene ekufuta, rinhi manje 50 kwemakore vabereki vevanhu ivavo vaitaridzika zvakanaka. Uye chirwere cheshuga chechipiri chakanga chiri chirwere chisingawanzoitiki.
Tsanangudzo pamusoro pehupenyu hurefu hwemajini ndeyekuti rudzi rweropa chete rwakabatana nehupenyu hurefu ndeye B. Inoshanda kuvanhu vese. Ndakafarira nekuti ndaifunga kuti yaive linkage effect nemamwe majini, zvine chekuita nekumwe kutama. Asi imwe ongororo inoratidza kuti vanhu vane type B vane mikana yakawanda yekufira muchipatara nezvimwe zvikonzero. Kana boka rakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwemvura yeropa, a defective coagulation zvichitevera tsaona... Paizova nezvakawanda zvekutaura pamusoro penyaya iyi, asi mhedziso, maererano iyi hypothesis (nemazuva mazhinji) ndizvozvo, kana uchibva kumhuri yakagara kwenguva refu, unofanira kufunga kuti chinouraya vamwe nokukurumidza chingasakuuraya kana kukuuraya zvishoma nezvishoma, asi chimwe chinhu chinogona kukuuraya chisingaurayi vamwe.
Inogona kurapa uye kudzivirira kukwegura? Uye. Hakuna mutemo unoti kwete. Kuita kwemakemikari kunodzoreredzwa. Irreversibility kunobva pakuti reactants anonyangarika. Mumhuka dzakura, uye ichiri yakashata, kuti tinozviita sei, pane precariousness of reactions zvakadaro. Asi unogona kukurudzira vamwe vanokanganisika. Zvinogoneka. Uye nemari shoma, ndaizowedzera. Zvirinani iyi ndiyo nzira iyo avhareji uye yakanyanya hupenyu hurefu hunogona kuwedzerwa mumakonzo. With chero 20-25% kuchapupu. Uye kubereka…
Vanhu vanoona sei kuchembera zvino? Zvizhinji, kunyanya avo vari mundima yezvokurapa, Handifungi kuti pane chingaitwa. Kuchembera hakuonekwi sechirwere, kunyangwe chiri chirwere chinofa 100%. Vanachiremba vaunoshanda navo, asi kwete chete, Ndinoramba ndichizviudza kuti rega kuchembera, kubata nechirwere, Ndingava nekubudirira kwakawanda nazvo. Pane mapoka akawanda pasocial network, ichokwadi haina vanhu vakawanda, yevanhu vanoda kuti zviso zvavo dzisachembera, ye transhumanists uye mhando dzakafanana. Asi chaizvoizvo vazhinji vavo vane chikonzero uye chikonzero chekushamwaridzana. Vaizonzwa kusuwa kukuru kana chikonzero ichi chikanyangarika. Vanoona chero chinhu chisingaenderani nerusaruro rwavo nekunyumwira kukuru. Sezvo mune chero munda, kana uine nzira kana chigadzirwa ingori nhanho yekutanga. Kuwana kugadzira ndiko kwakaoma. Muchiitiko ichi, nzira yepakutanga ichiri kudiwa. Ndinovimba kuti ndichamuwana.
Chii chiri chokwadi nezvemakambani ane mabhiriyoni emari? Judith Campisi, muongorori mumunda, inokwevera ngwariro kusavapa mari iyoyo, kuti havana chinhu. Ndizvo zvandinotaurawo, asi ichokwadi kune vazhinji vanoti mari yekutsvagisa vonyunyuta kuti havawane mibairo nekuti havana mari. Chokwadi, pasina mari zvakaoma chaizvo, asi pasina pfungwa uye kunzwisisa hazvibviri.
Mukupedzisa, ndinoda kutaura zvishoma pamusoro pekusarura pamusoro pekuchembera. Hukama hwekuchembera. Kuchembera kwakasiyana nezvakwaiva zana remakore rapfuura? Hongu uye kwete. Sezvandaitaura, zvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira, zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvine chekuita nekuchembera, vaive vashoma. Asi vaivapo, vazhinji vanopupurirwa kubva kuAntiquity. Vanhu vakararama (zvakawanda) zvishoma paavhareji. Sei? Zvirwere zvisingarapiki uye kunyanya kuoma kwakanyanya kwekushanda nekugara. Chaizvoizvo, Iyo Industrial Revolution, kureva mainjiniya nevashandi vasina kunaka pabiology, vakanga vari nyanzvi dzezve gerontologist. Kunyange zvazvo munguva yepre-industrial vanhu vairarama kwenguva yakareba uye vakanga vakareba. Kuchinja kwemaindasitiri kwakauya munguva pfupi (nhoroondo) nemamiriro ekushanda asina hunhu. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, zvese zvave kuwanikwa, more comfortable. Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, nekufambira mberi kwezvehupfumi uye teknolojia, wedzero yenduramo inocherekedzwa munyika dzakawanda. Kudivi rekuMabvazuva kweIron Curtain uku kuwedzera kwehupenyu hwehupenyu kunowedzera pane imwe nguva. Izvo zvaizivikanwa kupfuura zvaizivikanwa seCardiovascular Revolution. Mishonga yechirwere chemoyo yakawedzera tarisiro yehupenyu neapprox 20 ane gore. Chaizvoizvo muvadzvanyiriri veLeninist (zita chairo renyika dzemasosha), kuchengeta munhu kwaingova pabepa. Muchokwadi, kugara uye kushanda mamiriro akanga akaoma zvikuru. Vanhu vakaparadzwa, kuneta nebasa uye kushaya kuzorora, hupenyu husina hutano, kunyadziswa. Mumwe chiremba waaishanda naye akandiudza nezvehosha dzinoshamisa dzepabasa dzakabatwa neavo vaive vashanda mumafekitori eCeausist.. Chinhu chaizikanwa ipapo yaive nyaya yekuti ruponeso haruchauyi kuvarwere kubva kumusoro 60 ane gore. Ndinoyeuka ndichiri muduku uye mwana wangu akanga achichema nokuti chiremba akamuudza kuti afe, kuti akanga anyanya kuchembera. Aiva nehove 70 ane gore, ZVINOREVA. Zvakadai zvakaitika mushure meChimurenga. Chirwere chemwoyo chaibatwa sechinhu chakajairika chekukwegura.
Maonerwo aiitwa kuchembera aienderana zvakananga neungwaru hwenzanga. VaGiriki vekare vaiva nemaonero akafanana zvikuru okukwegura neyedu. Wakanga wakura kubva 60 ane gore, pakapera basa rechiuto. Mabasa mazhinji anozivikanwa ekare akagadzirwa nevanhu vanobva mhiri 70, 80, kunyange 90 ane gore. Asi muzana remakore rechi19 France, kuchembera kwaiva chinhu chaifanira kuvanzwa, vachembera vachingova mutoro pavanhu, uye zvakadaro kuchembera kwaitangira pa 50 ane gore. Tiri kuchembera zviri nani munzira dzose iye zvino kupfuura kare? Kwete. Kunze kwechirwere cheshuga, kufutisa, zvirwere zvemwoyo, kubereka kunokanganiswa zvikuru. Muzana remakore rechi19, zvakanga zvakajairika kuti vakadzi vasununguke 48 ane gore, vashoma vaive pamusoro pezera iri, asi vakanga varipo. Kunyange zvazvo vakadzi varombo uye vakashanda zvakapfurikidza vakanga vachirasikirwa nembereko pazera duku.
Asi zvakadini zvino zviri kutaurwa pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekurarama kana tichitaura nezvemakore anotarisirwa kurarama, kunyanya hutano? Kunyangwe kune zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kushushikana kunopiwa nehurombo, kunyadziswa, kushaikwa kwetsigiro yemirangariro, zvine ngozi kudarika kudya kwemafuta akawanda, semuyenzaniso! Asi pfungwa dzakadai hadzitengeswi. Hatigone kupa mhosva vezvematongerwo enyika nekuda kwehupenyu hwavo hupfupi.
