Nantoni na enokuthiwa ngoku malunga ne-transhumanists, abantu abafuna ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabo kwebhayoloji, ezingathintelwanga koko kubhalwe kwimizila yemfuza ngabo, kuquka malunga nenkqubo yokuguga enokwenzeka, olu hlobo lwabantu lukho ukusukela…kwimpucuko. Mhlawumbi nangaphambili. Andazi ukuba kunjani kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, njengaseTshayina, umzekelo, kodwa kwindawo yethu yehlabathiI-Epic kaGilgamesh bubungqina balo mnqweno, lokuvukela ukufa. Kwixesha apho ukufa kunokuza ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye abantu abambalwa kunangoku abaya kuba badala, ukoyika ukufa ngokuyintloko kwakubangelwa kukoyika ukwaluphala. Ukwaluphala yayisisigwebo esiqinisekileyo... sokufa. Nangona babethetha ngabantu ababephila okanye ababesaphila ixesha elide ngokukhethekileyo. KwiI-Epic kaGilgamesh kuthethwa ngesicombululo, nto leyo uGilgamesh ayifumanisayo, kodwa uyasilela ukusisebenzisa. Kwafuneka angalali iintsuku ezininzi. Andazi ukuba ukungabikho kobuthongo kufanekisela ntoni, ukuba onke amabali amandulo anengcaciso ekunzima ukuba siyiqonde, ingakumbi ekubeni bezalana nabantu abadala, mhlawumbi kwezinye iinkcubeko. Kodwa ukuba ukungabikho kokulala kuthetha ukungaphazamisi iinkqubo ezithile ze-biochemical, musa ukubayeka bayeke, Ndityekele ekukholelweni ukuba intuition yabantu bamandulo yayingalunganga. Yaye iBhayibhile ithi abantu baya kufunda ukuphila ngonaphakade. Baya kufunda, ngakumbi ekubeni zazicwangciswe ngolo hlobo. Ukwaluphala nokufa yayizizohlwayo zikaThixo.
Ibhayoloji yanamhlanje ingqina ukuba zichanile. Iintsholongwane azigugi kwaye ngokwethiyori… azifi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inokutshatyalaliswa yimiba yokusingqongileyo, ukusuka kwiswekile okanye utywala obulula ukuya kwimitha engasitshisi nokusitshisa. Kodwa kwiimeko ezintle bahlala ngokungenasiphelo. Bayanda, Yinyani. Kuba kubo, ubomi abuhlukaniswanga nokuzala. Baphindaphinda i-genome yakho kwaye bakhuphele (phantse) yonke i-genome rhoqo. Ndiyathetha, ndenza yonke into endiyaziyo imini nobusuku, kwaye xa kufuneka, funda izinto ezintsha kwakhona, abathi ke babelane nazo zonke izalamane nabahlobo babo abakufutshane. Oko kukuthi, ukumelana ne-antibiotics, ukugaya zonke iintlobo zezinto ezingaqhelekanga, njl.
Kodwa nangona ixesha elide bephila ngolonwabo kwiplanethi yethu eyayiyiparadesi yabo, ngenye imini baqala ukuvela. Kukho into eyenzekayo. Kwavela izinto eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo, eyayinemathiriyeli yemfuzo evalelwe kwii-capsules ze-intracellular, hayi ukudada kwiseli, kwaye isisele sasinamacandelo amaninzi, apho kuye kwavela iimpendulo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezo zemveliso yamandla eselula. Nokuba zeziphi iindlela ekwenzeke ngayo oku (ukuba kukho iingcamango ezininzi, ezinye ii-symbioses zinokubandakanyeka, ngokutsho kwabanye) into eyafunyanwa ekuqaleni yayikukonga amandla. Kwakungekho ndawo yazo zonke iimpendulo. Ukwaluphala kwakusele kuqalile? Kunzima ukutsho ukuba kwifomu esiyaziyo. Lihambile ixesha, kwavela izinto eziphilayo ezininzi, ngeli xesha neeseli ezikhethekileyo, hayi amacandelo eselula kuphela. Kodwa ukwaluphala kwakungekaqinisekwa. Kodwa ngolunye usuku, kwixesha elidlulileyo 650 kwizigidi zeminyaka, ukudubula kweentlobo ezintsha, ezinye zikhona nangoku, kwavela. Kwaye ewe, abanye baqalisa ukwaluphala, nangona kunzima kakhulu kuthi ukukuqonda oku.
Ukwazi ukuba uhlobo luyaguga, sineenqobo ezimbini, yenziwe nguFinch kunye neAustad: ukwandisa ukusweleka ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokuncipha kokuchuma, ngokunjalo nokuhamba kwexesha. Ndaxoxa ngecala elibuthathaka lale migaqo kwincwadi yamAmakhonkco angekhoyo ekwaluphaleni, phakathi kwabanye. Izinga lokusweleka alonyuki ngokuthe ngcembe ngokwabudala nasebantwini. Bubuninzi bokufa kwabantu ekufikiseni, kunye nomlinganiselo omncinci phakathi 25 kwaye 35 umnyaka ubudala. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Enye incopho yokufa, ngakumbi kwixesha elidlulileyo, ibingunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Kwelinye icala, sijonga ukuzala njengesithsaba sobomi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba ukuzala bekungekho, bekungayi kuxelelwa. Oko kukuthi, kwakungayi kubakho ubomi phantsi kweemeko zokwaluphala, kodwa hayi kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, Izinto eziphilayo zidla ngokuncama ukuzala phantsi koxinzelelo. Isithintelo seCaloric, eyaziwa ngokutshintsha ubomi kwiintlobo ezininzi zemfuzo, ichaphazela ukuchuma. Kwaye uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo (uqwalasela indlela uthixo awayethanda ngayo amaphela) baphila ixesha elininzi lobomi babo njengemibungu, hayi njengabantu abadala abakwaziyo ukuzala, mhlawumbi umlinganiselo wokuchuma kufuneka ujongwe ngononophelo. Nangona ndingatsho kubungqina bokuba kwanokuzala kwezilwanyana ezindala kunokuphuculwa ngonyango oluthile olwandisa ubomi., nokuba ziimpuku.
Kuza kuba yintoni ukwaluphala? Kuya kuba mnandi ukwazi ukuba abantu babecinga ntoni kumaxesha amandulo, mhlawumbi abo basuka kwiinkcubeko ezikude. Kwakukho neenkolelo ezintsha kunye nezilingo ezintsha ezingavumelaniyo, kodwa yona yangqineka iyintsilelo ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi. Umzekelo, ukutshintshwa kwamadlala ezilwanyana kwaba kanye, kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, kwifashoni. Kuphela ngamalungu afakelweyo awayewohloka, kulula kakhulu ukuqikelela izizathu... ngoku. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwindawo ethile ekufutshane nathi, yintoni ngoku iSlovakia, isidwangube saseHungary esiphuma kwiinkosana zaseTransylvania, kucetyiswa ligqwirha, wayekholelwa ukuba xa ehlamba ngegazi lamagqiyazana uya kububuyisela ubutsha bakhe. "Uvavanyo", ubunyani bakhe singenako ukufunga kubo, ngekukhokelele kulwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi olunendawo yokwenyani (mhlawumbi nezopolitiko) asimazi. Iziphumo bezingeke zivele. Kodwa nokuba akukho nto iyinyani kulo lonke ibali (okunokwenzeka), i-hypothesis ihleli, mhlawumbi ethandwayo, ebonakala iyinyani. Igazi elivela kwizilwanyana ezincinci ngokwenene linemiphumo emihle kwizilwanyana ezindala. Oko kukuthi, kunciphisa ukuguga. Okuchaseneyo kuyinyaniso? Kuyabonakala ukuba kunjalo. Iimvavanyo zolu hlobo zitsha nje, kodwa wayenayo le ngcamango 150 umnyaka ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ibiyinto esecaleni.
Ingqikelelo ebalulekileyo, owenza umsebenzi omkhulu wembali, yileyo yeeradicals zasimahla. Konke kwaqala nge-radioactivity, ukufunyanwa okukhulu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ebonisa ukuba asiyiyo yonke into eyaziwayo kwi-physics, njengoko kwakukholelwa. Le nto isanda kufunyanwa emzimbeni yayiza kuba neziphumo ezininzi zonyango. UPierre Curie wayevuya kakhulu, kwaye wazilinga ngokwakhe. Yeyona nto imgqibileyo. Xa inqwelo ethwele ikhaphetshu yambetha, wayesele ebuthathaka kakhulu emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Imeko yakhe eyingozi yamgweba. I-Radioactivity izinzile kunyango lomhlaza. Mhlawumbi ngekungcono ukuba oku bekungenzeki.
Kodwa enye into efunyenweyo, ngeli xesha kwibhayoloji, incede ukuvela kolu qikelelo. UEvelyn Fox Keller uthetha ngaphakathiIimfihlo zobomi, iimfihlelo zokufa malunga nokufuna iwonga kweengcali zebhayoloji, ababefuna ukwenza intsimi yabo ibe yinto echanekileyo kwaye ibaluleke njengefiziksi. Emva koko kwafunyanwa i-DNA enemigca emibini (ebizwa ngokuba "imolekyuli yobomi"), babenempembelelo ababeyifuna. UWatson noCrick bazukiswa ngolu phando, nangona into yokuba bajonge umfanekiso we-X-ray diffraction, ifunyenwe nguRosalind Franklin (ngokwenene ngumfundi wakhe), yenze isigqibo ekuqondweni kolwakhiwo, emva kokuba uPauli engaphumelelanga. Indalo yanceda ukuba udumo lwale nto lufunyenweyo lungangcoliswa bubukho bomfazi. UFranklin wabulawa ngumhlaza wesibeleko ngaphambi kokuba kunikezelwe ngembasa yeNobel.
Ngaba iDNA yayiyimolekyuli yobomi?? Hayi ngoku. Iintsholongwane ze-DNA, njengee-RNA, bamsulwa kangangoko banako. Ngaphandle kweeseli zokuzidibanisa azenzi nto kwaphela. Ngoku singatsho ukuba iprion, iprotheni engaqhelekanga, engohlukaniyo neqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwendlela esongwa ngayo, inokubizwa ngokuba yimolekyuli yobomi.
Ukukhangela imizila yemfuza eyaluphalayo, njengezifo ezininzi ezinqabileyo ngoku 100 iminyaka okanye ngaphantsi, ngomnye umgodi apho kufunwa isisombululo sokwaluphala. Iqala kwingcamango yokuba kukho inkqubo yokuguga. Izigidi zabantu zichithwa kukhangelwa ezo mizila yemfuza zinokubangela ukuba izinto eziphilayo zibole zize zife emva kokuba zingasebenzi., oko kukuthi, emva kokuzala. Kumbuzo onengqondo, ukuba bekungengcono ukuba izinto eziphilayo zivelise ixesha elide, akukho mpendulo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuzala luyilo oluvumelanayo, enokuchaphazela eminye imisebenzi. Nangona kwiintlobo ezininzi kukho ukwehla kokuzala okuhambelana nokuguga (ngumlinganiselo wokwaluphala), ngokubanzi, kukuthotywa komzimba okukwachaphazela nokuzala. Kuyavela ukuba isizathu sokukhangela ezo mfuza yenye into ngokupheleleyo, hayi ukuguga: Isizathu esifanayo sebhayoloji ngoku ininzi yemfuza, kunye nabaphandi abaninzi ababandakanyekayo kulo mmandla, yemfuzo leyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, imfuza inefuthe kuphuhliso, iinkqubo zemetabolism, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo zinokuba nempembelelo ukwaluphala. Ukuguqulwa kweminye imizila yemfuza kunempembelelo kwisantya sokwaluphala. Kodwa kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba imfuza yokuguga ikhona naphi na ngaphandle kwezicelo zesibonelelo. Isazi ngokuma komhlaba uValeri Chuprin watsalela ingqalelo yam kwesi sibakala. Uphando lwenziwa ngezibonelelo, hayi iziphumo zokwenyani.
Kodwa inokuba yintoni ukwaluphala ngaphandle kwento yokwenza nemitha ye-ionizing kunye ne-DNA? Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba namandla aphezulu, imitha ye-ionizing itshabalalisa izakhiwo ze-DNA. Bavelisa utshintsho oluyiyo, Yinyani. Iiradicals zasimahla, uxanduva lokuguga, zizinto ezihlala ixesha elifutshane kakhulu kwaye zisebenza ngokugqithisileyo. I-ozone kunye ne-perhydrol ziphakathi kwazo. Ziveliswa zizinto eziphilayo, ngakumbi abo banokuphefumla kweselula. Iiradicals zasimahla ziveliswa kwimitochondria. Kuphela oko, ngokuchasene noko kwakukholelwa ngaphambili, nangona imitochondria ichatshazelwa kukwaluphala, kunye neenkqubo ezibonelela ngokhuseleko kwiiradicals zamahhala, Ukuguquka kwemizila yemfuza akuyongxaki enkulu ngokwaluphala. Azikhuli phantse kangako. Singasathethi ke into yokuba ezinye izinto ezinefuthe eliqinileyo le-pro-oxidant zandisa ixesha lokuphila leentshulube... Kodwa makhe sicinge ngebhaktheriya.. Abagugi, kwaye banovelwano kakhulu kwimitha ye-ionizing. Ngokuqinisekileyo, banokufa ngenxa yeeradicals zamahhala. Kananjalo baneenkqubo zokulwa ne-antioxidant. Kwakhona siyangenelwa kwezinye zazo, o.t. ezinye iivithamini. Nangona iinkcukacha ezininzi ziqokelelwe eziphikisana nale ngcamango, Ama-antioxidants asathengisa kakuhle kakhulu. Unyango lwe-Antioxidant alwandisi ubomi obuninzi, nangona zineempembelelo kumndilili wexesha. I-ionizing radiation itshabalalisa iiseli. Inokubonwa nangokugqalwa lilanga. Kodwa asingabo bodwa.
Unyango olwandisa umyinge kunye nobuninzi bokuphila kukuthintelwa kwekhalori. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo, kuthetha ukutya okunazo zonke izondlo, kodwa ngamandla amancinci (iikhalori). Imbali yakhe ikwabangela impikiswano. Umbhali weemvavanyo, UClive McCay (1898-1967, uthozamile kubomi obude) wayevela kwintsimi yofuyi. Yenziwe kwi-30s, ziye zatyeshelwa ngandlel’ ithile ngabanye abaphandi. Kodwa iingcamango zazindala. Ndifumene iimbekiselo kuNietzsche kummi owaphila ixesha elide owathi into esinokuthi ngoku kukutya okunemiqathango yayiyimfihlo yakhe.. Ndifumana izigxeko zikaNietzsche zinomdla.
Ukuthintelwa kwekhalori kuya kuba yinxalenye yento ebizwa ngokuba yihormesis, oko kukuthi uxinzelelo oluphakathi. Kwaye iingcamango ezinxulumene ne-hormesis zindala. Kodwa kwakukho isizathu "esinzulu" sokungahoywa kwabo: umatshini wabo uya kufana nento ephikisana kakhulu: ihomeopathy! Andicingi njalo, kodwa nantoni na oyenzayo isenokufana neenkolelo ezivela kubani oyaziyo inkcubeko. Ukuba i-homeopathy yinkolelo, awunanto yokoyika ukuba inokukubeka esichengeni. Ngokweethiyori zangoku, I-homeopathy yinzululwazi yobuxoki. Kodwa ... kwi-70 yekhulu le-19, xa kwakucingwa ukuba akusafanelanga ukufunda i-physics, ukuba akusekho nto uyibhalileyo (njengoko uMario Livio esitshoIimpazamo eziqaqambileyo) mhlawumbi ukufota amathambo kwakuya kubonakala ngathi yinkolelo. Ukuba nje ndifumanise ukuba i-homeopathy iyasebenza ngokwenene, I wonder yintoni iphenomenon ekhoyo. Ukuba unengqiqo, awufuni ukubonisa ukuba awukho kwiqela labantu abangenangqiqo, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, uzama ukuba ungacalucalulo kwaye ulungise into ongayaziyo.
Amanye amathemba amakhulu okunyanga ukwaluphala iya kuba yi-telomerase kunye neeseli ze-stem. Ndiyazi ukuba ekuqaleni komsebenzi wam ndandivuya kakhulu ngeeseli ze-stem. Kodwa amadoda anamava andixelele ngeefashoni ezininzi azibonileyo kwisayensi, kwaye akukho nto iseleyo. Eyona nto ifunwayo kukusombulula ingxaki ngesisombululo esithengiswa kakhulu. Enyanisweni, kuphela isisombululo esithengiswayo, akukhathaliseki nokuba isombulula kangakanani na. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho into malunga ne-telomerosis kunye neeseli ze-stem, endiyichaze ngokubanzi kumanqaku am nakwiAmakhonkco angekhoyo ekwaluphaleni.
Into endiyiqapheleyo kwiinkongolo ezininzi kukuba inqabile, kunqabile kakhulu, umntu onomoya ogxekayo uvela othetha into elungileyo malunga neengcamango ezisefashonini. Kodwa xa esiza nesisombululo, isibhakabhaka siyawa. Kunzima kakhulu ukuza nokugxeka okusebenzayo, ukuhlalutya izibakala, kwaye kunzima ngakumbi ukuzisa enye iparadigm. Ndizamile ukwenza oku, ukujonga ngaphaya kwayo yonke imodeli kunye nalo lonke ubandlululo, kodwa ubukhulu becala ukujonga ubomi ngolwimi lomatshini. Ngokwe-hypothesis yam (iphinde yapapashwa kwiAmakhonkco angekhoyo…), ukwaluphala yimveliso yendaleko, uhlobo lwengxaki yokuziqhelanisa. Ayikho into efana neshedyuli yokuguga, kodwa inkqubo (okanye ngaphezulu) impendulo kwintlekele. Sithanda ukucinga ukuba umntu ukwincopho yendalo kwaye indaleko isiya kwimfezeko. Hayi, i-evolution yenza urhwebo kwi-trade-offs, amadlavu kumadlavu. Kwaye ayilahlekelwanga ngabalinganiswa abantsonkothileyo. Kunzima ngomntu wangaphandle ukukholelwa ukuba umntu unemizila yemfuza embalwa kunezinye izilwanyana ezingenamqolo. Sifumana ubukrelekrele bezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo bungaqhelekanga, ngakumbi izilwanyana ezanyisayo neentaka, kodwa ubukrelekrele luphawu kuphela apho ezi zinto ziphilayo zinokusabela kwiingxaki (okanye ndingababaleka).
Iintlekele kwimbali yendalo ziye zalandelwa lugqabhuko-dubulo lwendaleko. INguquko yePrecambrian, endithethe ngayo ngasentla, ngumzekelo. Umthetho ugcinwe kutshanje. Iintlekele zemozulu zibhalwe ngexesha lobuntu, ukutshintshisana phakathi kwamaxesha endlala kunye nobuninzi obunxulumeneyo ("Impucuko yendlala / enye indlela yoLuntu"). Ukwenziwa kobuntu kuye kwaba nefuthe ekwaluphaleni? Kwaye. Umntu uthwaxwa zizifo ezingekhoyo okanye ezinqabileyo kwiiprimates ezisondeleleneyo. Omnye umntu uye waphawula ukuba asikho isilwanyana esiwohloka kangako ekwaluphaleni.
Ukuguga kuya kuba luhlobo lomsila wecikilishe eliziphendukelayo. Icikilishe liwushiya umsila kwiziphopho zomhlaseli. Phofu, ukhulisa enye. i-hypercholesterolemia, isifo seswekile, ziimpawu zokusabela kwendlala. Wonke umntu uyazibuza ukuba kutheni abantu baseMelika betyebe kangaka. Baninzi abaphuma kwiinqanawa zokufa, o.k.t. abasindileyo kwindlala yaseIreland, ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-19. Abanye abazange behle, abanye abazange bakwazi nokunyuka. Mhlawumbi ootatomkhulu banamhlanje abaphila ixesha elide kunye nohlalutyo olugqibeleleyo bebengayi kuba nexesha lokunyuka.. Ukuthetha ngokujonga imfuza yokutyeba, nini ngoku 50 kangangeminyaka abazali babo bantu babekhangeleka beqhelekile. Kwaye uhlobo lwe-II yeswekile yayisisifo esinqabileyo kakhulu.
Iinkcukacha malunga nemfuza yokuphila ixesha elide kukuba uhlobo lwegazi kuphela olunxulumene nobomi obude luhlobo B. Isebenza kubo bonke abantu. Ndandinomdla kuba ndandicinga ukuba yimpembelelo yonxibelelaniso nezinye iijini, ezinxulumene nokufuduka okuthile. Kodwa olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu abanohlobo B basengozini yokufela esibhedlele ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Ukuba iqela lidibene nobuninzi begazi, i-coagulation enesiphene emva kwengozi ... Kuya kubakho ukuthetha kakhulu kwesi sihloko, kodwa sisigqibo, ngokwale ngcamango (kunye nemihla emininzi) yiyo leyo, ukuba usuka kusapho olunexesha elide, ufanele uqonde ukuba into ebulala abanye ngokukhawuleza isenokungakubulali okanye ikubulale ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa into enokukubulala engababulali abanye.
Yayinokunyanga ize ikuthintele ukwaluphala? Kwaye. Akukho mthetho uthi hayi. Iimpendulo zemichiza ziyabuyiswa. Ukungaguquleki kuvela kwinto yokuba ii-reactants ziyanyamalala. Kwizilwanyana eziguga, kwaye usembi, siyenza njani, kukho precariousness yokusabela kunjalo. Kodwa unokubavuselela abathile abachaphazelekayo. Inokwenzeka. Kwaye ngemali encinci, Ndingadibanisa. Ubuncinci le yindlela umndilili kunye nobude bobomi obuphezulu bunganyuswa kwiimpuku. Ngayo nayiphi na 20-25% kwingqina. Kwaye ukuchuma…
Indlela abantu abakubona ngayo ukwaluphala ngoku? Uninzi, ingakumbi abo bakwicandelo lezonyango, Andiqondi ukuba kukho into enokwenziwa. Ukwaluphala akujongwa njengesifo, nangona isisifo esibulalayo 100%. Oogxa bezonyango, kodwa hayi kuphela, Ndihlala ndizixelela ukuba mandiyeke ukuguga, ukujongana nesifo, Ndiya kuba nempumelelo ngakumbi ngaloo nto. Kukho amaqela amaninzi kwiintanethi zentlalo, yinyani ayihlali kakhulu, yabantu abafuna ubuso babo bungagugi, ye-transhumanists kunye neentlobo ezifanayo. Kodwa eneneni uninzi lwabo lunesizathu nesizathu sokuhlalisana. Babeya kuba buhlungu kakhulu ukuba lo nobangela unokunyamalala. Bajonga nantoni na engahambisaniyo nekhethe labo ngokukrokra okukhulu. Njengakweyiphi na intsimi, xa unendlela okanye imveliso linyathelo nje lokuqala. Ukufumana imveliso yeyona nto inzima. Kule meko, indlela yokuqala isafuneka. Ndiyathemba ukumfumana.
Yintoni inyaniso ngeenkampani ezineebhiliyoni zenkxaso-mali? Judith Campisi, umphandi endle, itsalela ingqalelo ukuba ingabaniki loo mali, ukuba abananto. Nam ndiyatsho, kodwa kuyinyani kuninzi olubanga imali yophando kwaye lukhalaze ngelithi abafumani ziphumo ngenxa yokuba bengenamali. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphandle kwemali kunzima kakhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kweengcamango nokuqonda akunakwenzeka.
Elokuvala, ndingathanda ukuthetha kancinci malunga nokucalucalulwa ngokwaluphala. Unxulumano lokuguga. Ukwaluphala kwahlukile kwindlela ekwakuyiyo kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo? Ewe kwaye hayi. Njengoko ndithetha, ezinye izifo eziwohlokayo, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ezinxulumene nokuguga, zazinqabile. Kodwa zazikho, ezininzi zingqinelwa kwi-Antiquity. Abantu babehlala (kakhulu) ngaphantsi kwe-avareji. Ngoba? Usulelo olunganyangekiyo kwaye ngakumbi iimeko ezinzima kakhulu zokusebenza kunye neemeko zokuphila. Ngokwenene, Uguquko lwezoShishino, o.t. iinjineli kunye nabasebenzi abangalunganga kwibhayoloji, yayizezona gerontologists zibalaseleyo. Nangona kwixesha langaphambi kwamashishini abantu baphila ixesha elide kwaye babede. Inguqu kwezoshishino yeza ngexesha elifutshane (zembali) neemeko zokusebenza ezingenabuntu. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, yonke into ifikeleleke ngakumbi, ukhululeke ngakumbi. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngenkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho netheknoloji entsha, ukwanda kobude bokuphila kubonakala kumazwe amaninzi. Kwicala elingaseMpuma le-Iron Curtain oku kwanda kobude bokuphila bufikelela incopho ngaxa lithile. Oko kwakwaziwa ngaphaya kwakwaziwa ngokuba yiCardiovascular Revolution. Amachiza esifo senhliziyo anyuse ixesha lokuphila ngomlinganiselo 20 umnyaka ubudala. Ngokwenyani kubuzwilakhe beLeninist (igama elichanekileyo lamazwe obusoshiyali), ukunyamekela umntu kwakusephepheni kuphela. Kwinyani, iimeko zokuhlala kunye nokusebenza zazinzima kakhulu. Abantu batshatyalaliswa, ukudinwa ngumsebenzi nokungaphumli, ubomi obungenampilo, ukuthotywa. Ugqirha endisebenza naye wandixelela ngezifo ezimangalisayo ezifunyanwa ngabo babesebenza kwiifektri zeCeausist.. Into eyaziwayo ke kukuba usindiso alusafiki kwizigulane ezivela phezulu 60 umnyaka ubudala. Ndikhumbula ndisemncinci usana lwam lwalukhala kuba ugqirha wathi makafe, ukuba ebemdala kakhulu. Wayenentlanzi 70 umnyaka ubudala, UTHETHA. Kwenzeka into efana nale emva kweRevolution. Isifo senhliziyo sasiphathwa njengesiphumo esiqhelekileyo sokuguga.
Indlela ekwakujongwa ngayo ukwaluphala yayinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wobukrelekrele boluntu. AmaGrike amandulo ayenembono efana neyethu ngokwaluphala. Ubumdala ukusuka 60 umnyaka ubudala, yakuphela inkonzo yasemkhosini. Imisebenzi emininzi edumileyo yamandulo yenziwa ngabantu abavela ngaphaya 70, 80, ngokulinganayo 90 umnyaka ubudala. Kodwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 eFransi, ukwaluphala kwakuyinto ekwakufuneka ifihlwe, abantu abadala bangumthwalo nje eluntwini, kwaye kunjalo ukwaluphala kwakuqalela 50 umnyaka ubudala. Siguga ngcono ngandlela zonke ngoku kunangaphambili? Hayi. Ngaphandle kobhubhani wesifo seswekile, ukutyeba, izifo zentliziyo, ukuchuma kuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwakuqhelekile ukuba abafazi babeleke 48 umnyaka ubudala, bambalwa ababengaphezu kwale minyaka, kodwa zazikho. Nangona abafazi abahluphekayo nabasebenza kakhulu babephulukana nokuzala besebancinci.
Kodwa kungakanani kuthethwa ngako ngoku malunga neemeko zokuphila zokwenyani xa kuthethwa malunga nexesha ekulindeleke ukuba umntu aphile ngalo, ingakumbi esempilweni? Nangona kukho izifundo ezibonisa ukuba uxinzelelo olunikwa yintlupheko, ukuthotywa, ukungabikho kwenkxaso ngokweemvakalelo, ziyingozi kakhulu kunokutya okunamafutha amaninzi, umzekelo! Kodwa iingcamango ezinjalo azikwazi ukuthengiswa. Asinakugxeka abezopolitiko ngobomi babo obufutshane.
